Quantifying the Performance of Garbage Collection vs. Explicit Memory Management: These results quantify the time-space tradeoff of garbage collection: with five times as much memory, an Appel-style generational collector with a noncopying mature space matches the performance of reachabilitybased explicit memory management. With only three times as much memory, the collector runs on average 17% slower than explicit memory management. However, with only twice as much memory, garbage collection degrades performance by nearly 70%.