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This is a guest repost Przemek Sobstel, who believes that dogpile effect issue is not covered enough, especially in the PHP world. Orignal article: Preventing dogpile effect.
The Dogpile effect occurs when cache expires and websites are hit by numerous requests the same time. From my own experiences working on big-traffic websites this is what I consider best the best solution. It was used sucessfully in the wild and it worked. Many people mention storing two redundant values FRESH + STALE, but for big traffic websites it was killing our network. We thought it worth sharing our solution and starting a discussion for sharing experiences.
Preventing Dogpiles